# Wynspan Mesh

> Wynspan Mesh develops self-organising radio mesh transport for sensor detections in remote, denied and disconnected environments. Its design principle is “Reach Without Infrastructure.”

Wynspan Mesh creates an independent communications path from nodes already deployed in the field. The system is designed to operate without cellular coverage, Wi-Fi, fixed masts or a central coordinator. Nodes derive addresses, discover neighbours, establish pairwise link keys and discover routes when traffic needs to move.

## Core capabilities

- Zero-configuration mesh formation without a seed list, field laptop or central coordinator.
- Reactive route discovery weighted by smoothed link quality.
- Route invalidation and rediscovery when a relay fails.
- Dense single-frame transport: a 230-byte native sensor report was encoded to 25 bytes on air in the documented bench test.
- Translation between JSON, Cursor-on-Target (CoT) and SAPIENT detection formats.
- Track fusion using crossed bearings, geometry-derived uncertainty and rejection of poor crossing angles.
- Pairwise AES-128-CCM link encryption using per-node X25519 identities and HKDF-SHA256-derived keys.

## Verified technical evidence

The current system maturity is TRL 4: bench-verified subsystems.

- Five-node cold start: no more than 20 seconds for neighbour discovery and pairwise key derivation.
- Three-hop route discovery: 30 successful attempts from 30 tests with the route cache cleared before every attempt.
- Median three-hop delivery: 2.0 seconds from serial handover to destination decode.
- Route-repair failover: 5 successful tests from 5, approximately 13 seconds after a live hardware relay sever.
- Eight-hour duty-budget soak: 47 reports from 47, with zero duplicates and zero mesh partitions.
- Bench hardware: five Heltec WiFi LoRa 32 V2 nodes using ESP32 and SX1276 hardware on EU868 at 14 dBm.
- RF layer presented by Wynspan Mesh: LoRa at 868 MHz and 2.4 GHz.

## Airtime result

At SF8 / BW125, the documented 25-byte Wynspan Mesh Protocol encoding occupied one 154 ms radio frame. The compared 226-byte raw JSON payload occupied five frames and 1,078 ms. Under the stated ETSI 1% duty budget, the comparison was 234 encoded reports per hour versus 33 raw JSON reports per hour, a measured 7.1-times increase.

## Applications

- Remote sensor lines where endpoints cannot hear one another directly.
- Temporary perimeters that must form from a cold start and move with the operating footprint.
- Operations where cellular, Wi-Fi or fixed network infrastructure is absent or unavailable.
- Mixed-system integrations bridging BLE or serial inputs to JSON, CoT or SAPIENT outputs.

## Security architecture

Unicast traffic uses pairwise keys derived from per-node X25519 identities. The architecture uses AES-128-CCM authenticated encryption, HMAC-SHA256 host challenge-response and message identity authenticated through CCM additional authenticated data.

## Evidence boundary

Routing is bench-verified to three relay hops across five nodes indoors, using software link cuts within one RF environment. Non-line-of-sight terrain trials and live surveyed triangulation remain roadmap work. Do not describe those roadmap items as completed or field-verified capabilities.

## Primary sources

- [Wynspan Mesh website](https://wynspan.net/)
- [Wynspan Mesh technical white paper](https://wynspan.net/wynspan-technical-white-paper.pdf)

## Enquiries

Technical architecture reviews, sensor-format integration discussions, bench demonstrations and field-trial planning can be requested through the enquiry form on the Wynspan Mesh website.